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Rajasthan Tourism » Rajasthan Music & Dance » Folk Music
Folk Music
There is a great tradition of popular poetry, which is written under the rival banners of Turra and Kalangi. This is sung in groups in Jikri, Kanhaiyya or Geet (of the Meenas), Hele-ke-Khyal and Bam rasiya of eastern Rajasthan. Group singing of classical bandishes called the Dangal or taalbandi is also unique to this region. Bhopas are singing priests of various deities or warriors saints. The Bhopas of Mataji wear red costumes and play the mashak. Dance is often part of the musical tradition and the Thories or Nayaks who are Pabu Bhopas, have a female accompanist; together they recite the Phad (a painted ballad). The Phad itself is an elaborately painted work of art and deeply venerated. The chinpas or Joshis are famous Phad painters.
The Jogis were well-known for their recitation of the great ballad Nihalde Sultan, Shiviji-ka-byawala and songs about Gopi Chand and Bhartrihari. Most of these musical communities have a rural and function as wandering minstrels travelling from villages. There are many other artists in different art froms who use music as an accompaniment. The Dholies, also known as Mirasis, Dhadhies, Manganiyars and langas are known for their distinct musical styles.
State and royal patronage elevated some of these musicians into Kalawants in the royal courts. Their music had acquired a sophistication that was absent from the rustic tones of the others. The famous Maand of Rajasthan, which is unique style of Rajasthan, which is a singing and a core melody, is their creation. True to its desert Ramayan are popular themes for ballad and the Mirasis and Jogis of Mewat have a delightful folk versions of the court while Hadoti has the Ramayan of Dhai Kadi.
Folk opera is another field, which has been immensely popular by the professionals, often in association with amaeurs, often in association with amateurs. The Chairwai and Kuchamani Khyals, Maach of Chittaurgarth area, Tamasha of Jaipur and Rammat of Bikaner are famous.
The Nautanki and Rasleela are also seen in western Uttar Pradesh, but sadly, the Alinakshi Khyal the original Bhawai palys (which still have a strong presence in Gujarat and the musical tradition of the Rasadharies and Rawals are new extinct. The state government has provided patronage and opportunities for self employment for folk artists by organizing fairs, festivals and cultural programs. It has also aroused and directed the interest of the local people towards our rich cultural heritage.
Music
Two types of music that are especially famous in Rajasthan are described below:
Maand: Originated as court music, the maand is a distinct raga that was developed in Marwar. It is very sophisticated and involves complex inflexion of voices sung in deep bass but with time it permeated to the folk forms we know today and when ballads of the chivalrous rulers and local folk heroes are sung using maand raga, they have a unique haunting quality that echoes in the desert. Its popularity is evident from the fact that an entire festival in Jodhpur is dedicated to it exclusively.
Pabuji ka Phad: Pabuji Ramdeo was a folk hero of the 14th century in the Bhopa region whose legends have become timeless in the form of ballads that are sung against a painted scroll known as the 'Phad' paintings where scenes from his story are portrayed in comic-strip fashion. Its performances were always held at night, when the villagers gathered for these performances. The Bhopa minstrel would sing the ballad and give the music using ravanhatha while his wife used to hold an oil lantern illuminate just the particular portion of the scroll that matched with the episode of the story he was singing about.
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